As you noticed the package could not be created by the workflow actions.
Inspecting the raw log showed an authentication error, which sounds a bit weird as everything is happening on the remote side.
Anyhow, that made me check my PAT token. Turns out i had 2 tokens, both valid. I removed the older one and then it seems everything works.
When publishing images from a local build host, the write:packages scope is required.
Tried to reproduce the issue by creating an additional token, but still everything worked as expected.
@mrmarkuz thanks for your efforts.