There’s a known bug, did you set the CPU in Proxmox to something other than kvm64 as explained here? See also [SOLVED] - Kernel panic installing rocky or almalinux | Proxmox Support Forum
As regards Proxmox sometimes you need to start the VM a second time, especially when you resize the disk.
As regards Virtualbox, I converted the image to vdi and it worked, see NS8B1 first test - #4 by mrmarkuz